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Objective To evaluate the effect of desflurane on emergency in patients undergoing suspension microlaryngoscopy surgery.Methods Forty adult patients with ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ who underwent elective microlaryngoscopy surgery were randomly divided into desflurane group (group D,n =20) and sevoflurane group (group S,n =20).Time from end of the surgery to resume of spontaneous breathing,extubation,and discharge from postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were recorded.The extent of cough reflex during extubation and cough episode after extubation were recorded.Perioperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0),on suspension laryngoscope instrument (Ttary),the gas concentration reached 1.3 MAC (T1.3mac),1 min after 1.3 MAC (T1.3 1),on arrival at PACU (Tpacu),on extubation (Textu),1 min after extubation (T 1),5 min after extubation (T 5),and on discharge from PACU (Tdis).Results Time from end of the surgery to resume of spontaneous breathing was not significantly different between the two groups.Time to extubation in group D was 4.6 min,which was shorter than it was in group S (P＜0.05).Time to discharge from PACU was 5.0 min in group D,which was shorter than it was in group S (P＜0.05).Incidence of cough was 100％ in group D and 55％ in group S during extubation (P＜0.05).The episode of coughing after extubation was not significantly different between the two groups.Perioperatively,changes of MAP and HR between the two groups were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Desflurane for adult patients undergoing suspension microlaryngoscopy surgery was associated with fast emergence.The incidence of cough was higher in group D than it was in group S during extubation,but it continued a short duration.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the situation of sports and its influencing factors among students in order to improve health related education and promotion programs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multistage random sampling method was used on 3 600 students from three cities to understand their physical exercise behavior. Both t and χ(2) test were used to measure the scale of psychology and to describe the time spent on exercise. Single variance factor was used to measure the levels of change on behavior of physical activities, psychological and physical exercise behaviors.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The weekly exercise time for students was 2.66 ± 1.801 days, with 81.4% of the students less than four days. Data showed that 37.3%, 23.6%, 20.5% of the high school students were in pre-contemplation stage, in contemplation stage, or in preparation stage respectively, with only 18.6 percent of the high school students in the action phase and maintaining phase. Students in the stages of change increase the amount of physical exercises. Scores with statistically significant differences were seen in the following areas: between five stages of behavior change on strategies (F = 77.442, P < 0.001), forward effects on the balance of decision-making (F = 29.498, P < 0.001), having negative effects (F = 14.784, P < 0.001)and self-efficacy (F = 135.544, P < 0.001). Changing strategy on the intention stage of front maintenance phase, positive effects on decision-making balance and self-efficacy scores were increasing along with the increasing stages of changing. The effect of balancing the negative effects increased when the change of phase decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Students were in lack of physical exercise per week. The differences related to the behavior on physical exercise did exist but most of the high school students were in the primary stage. Psychological factors played important role in the different stages of changing, suggesting that high school students should receive different health education and psychological intervention measures to enhance the effectiveness of physical exercise.</p>